Diabetes (Diabetes mellitus) – is a syndrome of disordered metabolism, resulting in abnormally high blood sugar levels.
Diabetes develops due to a diminished production of insulin (in type 1) or resistance to its effects (in type 2).
All forms of diabetes have been treatable since insulin became medically available in 1921, but there is no cure.
Diabetes and its treatments can cause many complications. Serious long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, chronic renal failure, retinal and nerve damage, and microvascular damage, which may cause impotence and poor wound healing.
Adequate treatment of diabetes, as well as increased emphasis on blood pressure control and lifestyle factors, may improve the risk profile of most of the chronic complications.
The classical triad of diabetes symptoms is frequent urination, increased thirst and consequent increased fluid intake,
and increased appetite.
The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, and many cases of type 2, is usually prompted by recent-onset symptoms of excessive urination and excessive thirst, often accompanied by weight loss. The diagnosis of other types of diabetes is usually made in other ways.
Patient education, understanding, and participation is vital since the complications of diabetes are far less common and less
severe in people who have well-controlled blood sugar levels. Several countries established more and less successful national diabetes programmes to improve treatment of the disease.
Glucophage (trade names Metformin, Fortamet, Riomet, Obimet, Dianben, Diabex, Glumetza, Diaformin, and others) is the most popular anti-diabetic drug from the biguanide class in the United States.
Glucophage is the only anti-diabetic drug that has been proven to reduce the cardiovascular complications of diabetes, as shown in a large study of overweight patients with diabetes.
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